Respiratory Issues in Degus

Degus are generally hardy rodents, but they can be susceptible to upper respiratory infections (URIs) and pneumonia. These conditions are often linked to environmental factors, such as poor ventilation or dusty bedding. Because a simple cold can quickly progress to life-threatening pneumonia, any sign of a respiratory problem in a degu should be taken seriously.

Causes of Respiratory Infections

Bacterial infections are the most common cause of respiratory issues in degus. These infections often take hold when the respiratory system is compromised by environmental stressors.

• Poor Ventilation: An enclosed cage (like an aquarium with a solid lid) can trap ammonia from urine. These fumes are highly irritating to the sensitive lining of the lungs and nasal passages, making them vulnerable to infection.
• Dusty Bedding: Bedding that is very dusty, such as some types of sawdust or low-quality hay, can be inhaled and cause irritation.
• Aromatic Bedding: Cedar and non-kiln-dried pine shavings release aromatic oils (phenols) that are toxic and can damage the respiratory tract.
• Stress: Overcrowding, a dirty environment, or other stressors can weaken a degu's immune system.
• Dental Disease: In some cases, overgrown tooth roots can press on the nasal sinuses, causing inflammation and discharge that can lead to a secondary bacterial infection.

Signs of a Respiratory Problem

As prey animals, degus will try to hide their illness. It is important for owners to be observant and catch the subtle early signs.

• Nasal Discharge: Any wetness or crustiness around the nose.
• Sneezing: More than an occasional sneeze is a cause for concern.
• Watery or Puffy Eyes: Discharge from the eyes often occurs with respiratory infections.
• Labored Breathing: Listen for any clicking, wheezing, or rattling sounds. The degu's sides may heave with the effort of breathing.
• Lethargy: The degu may be less active, huddle in a corner, and be unwilling to play.
• Loss of Appetite: A sick degu will often stop eating, which can quickly lead to other serious problems like GI stasis.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If you notice any of these signs, a trip to an exotics-savvy veterinarian is necessary.

• Diagnosis: The vet will listen to your degu's chest and may want to take a chest x-ray to check for pneumonia. A culture of any nasal discharge can help identify the specific bacteria causing the infection.
• Treatment: A course of antibiotics is the standard treatment. It is crucial to complete the full course of medication, even if the degu seems to be feeling better. In severe cases, nebulization (medicated steam therapy) or supportive care may be required.

Prevention is Key

Good husbandry is the best way to prevent respiratory problems.

• Choose the Right Cage: Use a wire cage with good airflow. A multi-level cage like a Critter Nation is ideal.
• Use Safe Bedding: Kiln-dried pine, aspen, or paper-based beddings are safe choices. Avoid cedar and dusty beddings.
• Keep it Clean: Clean the cage regularly to prevent ammonia buildup.
• Provide a Dust Bath: Like chinchillas, degus need regular dust baths to keep their coats clean. This helps to prevent skin issues that can cause stress.
• Maintain a Healthy Diet: A proper diet high in fiber supports a strong immune system.

By providing a clean, well-ventilated, and stress-free environment, you can ensure your degu breathes easy and stays healthy.